展开全文《大家语法》10.1.2.从属结构--限定从属分句（3）【3】副词性分句(状语分句)副词性分句即状语分句，按语义可分为时间状语分句(AdverbialClauseofTime)：WheneverImetwithanydifficulty，hecametomyhelp．Untilweknowthefacts，wecan’tdoanythingaboutit．Everybodywasassignedajobassoonastheyleftuniversity．Theinstantshesawhim，sheknewhewasherlostbrother．地点状语分句(AdverbialClauseofPlace)：Wherethereisawill，thereisaway．Whereverhehappenstobe，Johncanmakehimselfathome．Wheretheancientsknewnothing，weknowalittle．Everywheretheywent，thevisitorswerewarmlyreceived．方式状语分句(AdverbialClauseofManner)：YoumustdotheexercisesasIshowyou．Marywasbehavingasthoughshehadn’tgrownup．She’sdoingherworkthewayIlikeitdone．IshallwearmycoathowIlike．原因状语分句(AdverbialClauseofCause)：Astherewasnoanswer，Iwroteagain．Sincethespeakercan’tcome，we’11havetocancelthemeeting．Becauseitwaswet，hedidn’tgooutforawalkthatday．Cowardashewas,Bobranbackassoonastheenemyattacked．结果状语分句(AdverbialClauseofResult)：Hehadoverslept，sothathewaslateforwork．WhathaveIdonethatyoushouldbesoangrywithme?Hewasveryangry，sothathelefttheroomwithoutsayingaword．Iwasinthebath,withtheresultthatIdidn’theartheknockatthedoor．目的状语分句(AdverbialClauseofPurpose)：Theteachermustspeakclearlysothathisstudentscanunderstandwell．Theyclimbedtothetopofthebuildinginorderthattheycouldgetabird’seyeviewofthecity．条件状语分句(AdverbialClauseofCondition)：Ifthedamhadbrokeninthefloodlastyear，therewouldhavebeengreatlossoflifeandproperty．Provided(that)hewinszhesupportoftheminoritygroups，hewillbeabletowintheelection．Incaseitrains，wewon’tbeabletogothereonfoot．Youcangoout，aslongasyoupromisetobebackbeforeeleven．让步状语分句(AdverbialClauseofConcession)：Hepassedtheexaminationalthoughhehadbeenpreventedbyillnessfromstudying．Thoughheshouldstandalone，hewillneveryield．Ishouldn’thavetimetoseehimevenifhewerehere．Richasheis，MrJohnsonisbynomeansahappyman．由上述诸例可以看出，名词性分句(主语分句、宾语分句、补语分句等)和形容词性分句在句中的位置是相对固定的，而状语分句的位置则比较灵活，它可以位于句首、句中或句尾。在主从结构中，状语分句在前、主句在后最能体现语义上的主从关系；如果把状语分句的位置移至句子当中或句尾，往往就会引起语义重心的变化。例如：[1]Iflocalresidentsarewillingtoputupwiththem，nuclearplantsareacleanandeconomicalwayofproducingvastamountsofmuch-neededenergy．[2]Nuclearplants，iflocalresidentsarewillingtoputupwiththem，areacleanandeconomicalwayofproducingvastamountsofmuch-neededenergy．[3]Nuclearplantsareacleanandeconomicalwayofproducingvastamountsofmuch—neededenergy，iflocalresidentsarewillingtoputupwiththem．if一分句在上述三句中的不同位置，表示了它在句中所受的强调程度不同。if一分句在第一句中只受到一般的强调，整个句子的重心落在主句，表示说话人对建立核电站采取赞许的态度，其下文很可能是：[1]…Diminishingoilsuppliesmakesplansforanumberofsuchplantsespeciallyurgent．if_分句在第二句中采取中位，这是最不受强调的位置，说话人主要阐明建立核电站的重要性，至于当地居民是否反对仅仅顺便提一下，在说话人看来问题不大。if．分句在第三句中采取末位，这是最受强调的位置，说话人对建造核电站虽感兴趣，但认为当地居民的反对在所难免，核电站不大容易建成。因此这句话的下文很可能是：[2]…Infactmanyofthemaren’t．