定语从句知识点汇总一、先行词二、关系词1.关系代词：2.关系副词：三、分类1.限制性定语从句：对先行词有限制，区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，不能省略2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明的作用，可省略不会影响主句的意思，与主句用逗号隔开3.区别：1.非限制性定语从句的特殊情况4.1有些既可以做限制性，又可以做非限制性的定语从句，其含义不同Thereare20studentsinthisclasswhoarefromthenorthofChina.Thereare20studentsinthisclass,whoarefromthenorthofChina.2.关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句四、关系词的用法1.which,thatwhich指物，在从句中作主语，宾语that指人或物，指人可与who，whom互换；指物可与which互换2.who,whom从句中的介词提到关系代词词前，whom作宾语，不能用who代替Inourclassthereare46students,ofwhomhalfwearglasses.先行词为指人的one,ones,anyone或those时，关系代词用who；双重定语从句中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个指人的关系代词用who。3.whose表示“……的”。可指人或物。用来指物时，whose+名词=限定词+名词+ofwhich=ofwhich+限定词+名词Thehousewhosewindowsfacesouthisours.Thehousethewindowofwhichfacesouthisours.=Thehouseofwhichthewindowfacesouthisours.4.as作为关系代词可指人或物，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语。一般用于such...as、thesame...as、as...as结构中，表示“像”的意思Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.Theyfeltsuchheatinthejungleastheyhadneverfeltbefore.Heisnotthesamemanashewas.4.1thesame...as/that...和such...as/that①thesame...as/that...as引导的定语从句往往侧重方式：Iboughtthesamephoneasyoubought.that引导的定语从句侧重指同一个对象：ImetthesamepersonthatIsawthatday.②such...as/thatas引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，宾语等：Peterisnotsuchanintelligentpersonasyouthink.that引导结果状语从句，在句子中不作成分：Hecametosuchasuddenstopthatwealmosthithim.4.2as和which的区别①④⑤⑥⑦⑧都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换②as引导的从句可以位于主句之前，之中和之后；而which只能位于主句之后③当非限制性定语从句为否定句或谓语带的是复合宾语结构时，用which来引导HecriticizedMaryinpublic,whichshedoesn’tlikeatall.Hewasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherunhappy.④先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态时，通常用as不用which；如果从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语Shepassedtheexam,aswasexpected.Tomhasmaderapidprogress,whichmakesmehappy.⑤当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，通常用which不用asTomwaslateforworkagainandagain,whichmadehisbossveryangry.⑥固定搭配：asweknow/asisknowntoallasweallcanseeashasbeensaidbefore/aboveasmightbeexpectedasisoftenthecase⑦在从句中作介词宾语时，只能用whichShemightpossiblycome,inwhichcaseI’lltellyou.5.只用that不用which5.1当先行词是all,much,little,few,everything等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。5.2当先行词被theonly,thelast,thevery等修饰时。5.3当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。5.4当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。5.5当先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。5.6当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。5.7当先行词是主句的表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时：Jackisnotthemanthathewas.5.8当主句以here,there开头且先行词是指物的名词时。6.只用which不用that6.1关系代词前有介词。6.2在非限制性定语从句中。6.3先行词本身是that,those（指物）或双重定语从句中其中一个已用关系代词that时。6.4先行词后有插入语时。HereistheCDwhich,asIhavetoldyou,isagreathelptoyou.7.只用who不用that7.1先行词为表示人的不定代词anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,one,noone时。7.2先行词为those且指人时。7.3在指人的非限制性定语从句中。8.which/that/what连接词what可以看作关系代词和先行词的结合，即what=theperson/place/thingwhich/that。表示“所....的。”what不引导定语从句，而是引导名词性从句。what引导句子，没有先行词，起名词作用。What引导宾语从句可以和that引导的定语从句互换。Tellmeanything(that)youknow.=Tellmewhatyouknow.9.介词+关系代词既能够引导限制性，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。指物用which，指人用whom。介词不可省略，如果要省略，必须将介词放在从句句末。9.1介词的确定①根据定语从句中动词，形容词所需要的习惯搭配来确定。②根据先行词搭配的具体含义来确定。③根据所表达的意思来确定。9.2介词+关系代词结构的变式①介词+关系代词+不定式Shemusthavetimeinwhichshecouldgrowcalm.(=inwhichtogrowcalm)Frank’sdreamistohavehisowngardeninwhichhecanproducemanybeautifulflowers.(=inwhichtoproducemanybeautifulflowers)②名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词HetoldusastoryinEnglish,themeaningofwhichIcouldn’tunderstandcompletely.Thereareabout400studentsinourgrade,mostofwhomarefromHaidianDistrict.10.关系副词：作时间状语：when=at/in/on/duringwhich作地点状语：where=in/at/to/onwhich作原因状语：why=forwhich10.1辨析Thereasonwhy.../Thereasonthat.../Thereasonisthat...Thereasonwhy...中why引导的是定语从句，why在句子中作原因状语，可以替换成forwhich。Thereasonthat...中that引导的是同位语从句，that不作成分，that后面的内容说明reason的内容。Thereasonisthat...是that引导的表语从句，不能用because,以免重复。五、其他1.主谓一致：从句中的谓语动词要和先行词的单复数保持一致。在“(the)oneof+复数名词”结构中，定语从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式。但是在theoneof+复数形式或theonlyoneof+复数名词结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。2.关系词的省略与不可省略：2.1关系代词在定语从句中作动词的宾语，表语时可以省略2.2关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词在从句句尾时2.3非限制性定从中的关系代词不可省略2.4介词+关系代词中的关系代词不可省略2.5表示时间的名词后关系副词可以省略，如thetime,themoment2.6表示地点名词后关系副词可以省略，如theplace2.7先行词thereason后面的关系副词可以省略2.8先行词为way（方法，手段）时，关系副词可以省略3.如何判断定语从句和同位语从句3.1根据that在从句中是否作成分来判断：that在定语从句中担任成分，在同位语从句中不做成分。Thenews(that)hetoldmeyesterdayisnottrue.Thenewsthathesingerwillcomehereisnottrue.3.2根据意思来判断：在引导词前加is后，如果句子成立就是同位语从句，否则是定语从句。Thenewsis(that)hetoldmeyesterday.句子不成立Thenewsisthatthesingerwillcomehere.句子成立4.定语从句转变为ing和ed形式4.1直接转化为ing或ed形式,，去掉定语从句中who/whichis/was/are/were.Theboy(whois)playingthepianoisfromLondon.Ilikethisfilm,(whichwas)directedbyZhangYimou.4.2将句子中的动词进行ing形式转化①ThenumberofpeoplewholearnChineseriseseachyear.=ThenumberofpeoplelearningChineseriseseachyear.②Mygrandfather,whohasn’tbeenusedtolivinginthecity,hasdecidedtosettleinthecountry.=Mygrandfather,nothavingbeenusedtolivinginthecity,hasdecidedtosettleinthecountry.=Nothavingbeenusedtolivinginthecity,mygrandfatherhasdecidedtosettleinthecountry.